Prunus domestica (domestic plum) is a hexaploid deciduous tree of the Rosaceae family. It includes morphologically distinct subspecies: subsp. italica (ringlota) with spherical, firm, sweet fruits (often green or yellow) and subsp. syriaca (mirabelle) with small, round, golden-yellow fruits that are easily separated from the stone. Prunus × rossica (hybrid/Siberian plum) represents a group of hardy diploid hybrids (at least P. salicina × P. cerasifera), valued for their extreme frost resistance and juiciness. Nutritionally, they are linked by their high content of fiber (pectins) and the sugar alcohol sorbitol, which gives the fruit its well-known laxative effects. They are an important source of potassium, vitamin K, and B complex. The phytochemical profile depends on pigmentation: blue and purple forms are rich in anthocyanins (powerful antioxidants), while yellow forms (mirabelle plums, light greengages) are dominated by carotenoids and phenolic acids.
Plum rootstocks:
Here are the characteristics of rootstocks, ranked from those that slow growth the most to those that are the most vigorous:
Saint Julien A
Ensures compact, moderately weak growth suitable for smaller espaliers. Promotes early and abundant harvests, increases the tree's frost resistance, and tolerates wetter soil conditions well.
Mirobalan C5
Compared to common seedlings, it produces more balanced growth and earlier fruiting. It tolerates drier and poorer soils well, while positively influencing fruit size.
Caucasian plum
Extremely vigorous and undemanding in terms of soil conditions. Thanks to its strong and deep root system, it anchors well, resists drought, and ensures the longevity of trees.
Myrobalán
Ensures very vigorous growth and longevity of trees. It is extremely undemanding, adaptable to almost all soil types, and provides excellent stability without the need for support.
